配置树莓派 Zero 2W 的 USB 口为虚拟串口 (ttyGS0)

0. 环境

0.1 硬件部分

板子型号：树莓派 Zero 2W (Raspberry Pi Zero 2W)

0.2 软件部分

树莓派OS版本：2024-11-19-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img.xz 镜像烧写工具：RaspberryPilmager 1.8.5

1. 启用 USB Gadget 功能

修改 /boot/firmware/config.txt

通过 Raspberry Pi Imager 安装好官方镜像后的 config.txt 文件内容如下

camera_auto_detect=1

# Automatically load overlays for detected DSI displays
display_auto_detect=1

# Automatically load initramfs files, if found
auto_initramfs=1

# Enable DRM VC4 V3D driver
dtoverlay=vc4-kms-v3d
max_framebuffers=2

# Don't have the firmware create an initial video= setting in cmdline.txt.
# Use the kernel's default instead.
disable_fw_kms_setup=1

# Run in 64-bit mode
arm_64bit=1

# Disable compensation for displays with overscan
disable_overscan=1

# Run as fast as firmware / board allows
arm_boost=1

[cm4]
# Enable host mode on the 2711 built-in XHCI USB controller.
# This line should be removed if the legacy DWC2 controller is required
# (e.g. for USB device mode) or if USB support is not required.
otg_mode=1

[cm5]
dtoverlay=dwc2,dr_mode=host

[all]
enable_uart=1

只需要在最后 [all] 中加上如下内容

dtoverlay=dwc2,dr_mode=peripheral

修改后的 config.txt 文件内容如下

camera_auto_detect=1

# Automatically load overlays for detected DSI displays
display_auto_detect=1

# Automatically load initramfs files, if found
auto_initramfs=1

# Enable DRM VC4 V3D driver
dtoverlay=vc4-kms-v3d
max_framebuffers=2

# Don't have the firmware create an initial video= setting in cmdline.txt.
# Use the kernel's default instead.
disable_fw_kms_setup=1

# Run in 64-bit mode
arm_64bit=1

# Disable compensation for displays with overscan
disable_overscan=1

# Run as fast as firmware / board allows
arm_boost=1

[cm4]
# Enable host mode on the 2711 built-in XHCI USB controller.
# This line should be removed if the legacy DWC2 controller is required
# (e.g. for USB device mode) or if USB support is not required.
otg_mode=1

[cm5]
dtoverlay=dwc2,dr_mode=host

[all]
enable_uart=1
dtoverlay=dwc2,dr_mode=peripheral

修改 /boot/firmware/cmdline.txt

在 rootwait 后添加:

modules-load=dwc2,g_serial

2. 加载 Gadget 驱动

开机自动加载

编辑 /etc/modules 在最后加入:

dwc2
g_serial

3. 配置串口登录 (可选)

创建 systemd 服务

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]

内容:

[Unit]
Description=Serial Getty on ttyGS0
After=systemd-user-sessions.service plymouth-quit-wait.service

[Service]
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty -o '-p -- \\u' --keep-baud 115200,38400,9600 %I $TERM
Type=idle
Restart=always
TTYPath=/dev/%I
TTYReset=yes

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启用服务

sudo systemctl enable [email protected]
sudo systemctl start [email protected]

注意事项

• 树莓派 Zero 2W 必须通过 Micro-USB OTG 口连接
• 波特率需保持一致 (默认 115200)
• Debian Bookworm 系统配置文件路径为 /boot/firmware/